20/01/2008, 21h59
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#6
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maureen
Elève discret
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Voilà, finalement nous avons beaucoup avancé dans ce travail...Pouvez-vous essentiellement me réduire mes textes (que je juge assez longs, pour un exposé qui ne doit durer que quelques minutes)?
1066
I)1066: three kings in one year:
At the start of 1066,England was lead by King Edward who was respected and loved by his people and called “ The Confessor” thanks to the construction of Wetminster Abbey”).
However, when he died in January 1066, he left no heir to the throne:
His nearest surviving blood relative was Edgar but he was only a child and no-one would respect him. Edgar had also spent a lot of time in Hungary most people did not know him in England him in England: Edgar had little chance to be crown.
The second rival for the throne was Harold Godwinson and he was Earl of Wessex.
He had been the leader of Edward the Confessor's army and he was experienced in government. It was said (by Harold) that Edward named Harold as his successor on his deathbed .
The third rival was William, Duke of Normandy. So, why does this involve William who before the Battle of Hastings was only the Duke of Normandy and living in France?
William claimed that he was the rightful heir to the throne of England despite the fact that he was not English. He had visited England in 1051 and claimed that Edward had promised him the throne to him when he died. There is no proof of this promise being made.
In 1064, Harold was shipwrecked off of the coast of Normandy and
held captive by Count Guy de Ponthieu too. William paid for Harold's release and he
was held in the court of William in Normandy. By any standards, Harold was a
prize catch for William.
Harold was faced with two choices: he could spend the rest of his life
in Norman captivity or he could return to England and lead the life of a
nobleman. To return to England he had to promise to support William's claim to be the next
king of England after Edward's death. The Bayeaux Tapestry clearly shows Harold swearing a sacred oath on the bones of a saint.
For this reason, William was confident that
Harold would keep his promise on the death of Edward.
However, despite the Bayeaux Tapestry, there is no proof that Harold actually did make this promise.
On January 7th 1066, just two days after Edward's death, Harold was crowned
king by Archbishop Stigant. Harold defended what he had done by claiming that
William had forced him to make the promise and it was done by
blackmailing himand therefore was not valid. William promised to take by forcewhat he believed was his, the throne of England.
So, Harold will stay the king or William will take the trone ?...
II) The Battle of Hasting:
The battle took place at Senlac Hill, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) in thenorth of Hastings on 14 October 1066, between the Norman army of theDuke of Normandy, William, from France, and the English army directed by the second King Harold.
Harold was killed during the battle. Although there was further English resistance for some time ,this battle is seen as the point at which William gained control of England. The latter then became William Ier the Conqueror.
This battle marked a change of direction in the english story beacause England was under norman domination.
Besides, This victory allowed the Norman conquest of England.
III) The bayeux tapestry:
It tells the story of the Battle of Hastings; why William felt he had to invade, the preparations made for the crossing and the battle itself.The size of this particular tapestry is an indication that it was important. The story it tells was to have a huge impact on Medieval England.
The writing on the tapestry is in Latin. However, there is no English equivalent so it is very difficult to confirm or dispute some of the details on the tapestry.
IV)The norman conquest of England
So, it began with theinvasion of the Kingdom of England by William theConqueror , and his success at the Battle of Hastings resulted in Norman control of England. It was lasted nearly five years, until 1070. It was an
important event in medieval history. It had as a consequence the first union of the duchy of Normandy and the kingdom of England under the authority of the same man: William the Conqueror. This conquest represents, for a lots of reasons, an important dividing line in the history of England and even of
Europe. The conquerors
brought their language
and their culture. Especially, 1066 prepared the rise to power of
England which soon will take part of the circle of the most powerful monarchies
of Europe. Lastly, the conquest set (on est au passé) up the elements of a
conflict with France which would be prolonged until the XIXe century. To date,
the feat of the duke of Normandy remained the last successful conquest of
England.
IV) The Tower of London
After the English'conquest by the Norman in 1066, William the Conqueror decided to live inand reinforce the city by to build three towers. One was made wooden in 1067.
V) The abbaye of westminster
William the Conqueror was crown « England’s King » dans in the church the most famous in London : The Wetminster abbey: 25th décember 1066. Since this day, ceremonies of coronation , the marriages and the bereavement princely take place in this abbey.
Conclusion:
So, with three kings in one year, a legendary battle in October and a Norman in charge of England, people rarely forget the year 1066 and
many historians see 1066 as the start of Medieval England...
Merci et bonne soirée.
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